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Modals of deduction

Grammar · B2 · 12 printable sheets, each with an answer key.

Print the whole packOr open a sheet to print it on its own.
  1. Sheet 1 · 35 minModals of deduction: puzzles from the natural worldDraw conclusions from scientific evidence with must, might and can't (have), then speculate about unexplained events.Free
  2. Sheet 2 · 30 minModals of deduction: whose bag is it?Speculate about the owners of lost luggage at an airport using must, might, could and can't, then write a lost property report.Premium
  3. Sheet 3 · 30 minGrammar explained: modals of deductionShe must be at home; that can't be Jack: deductions about now.Premium
  4. Sheet 4 · 30 minGrammar explained: modals of deduction – the pastIt must have rained; he can't have seen us: deductions about the past.Premium
  5. Sheet 5 · 20 minModals of deduction: must, might, can't (present)Two colleagues work out who owns a lost bag; check the meaning of must, might, could and can't, then choose.Premium
  6. Sheet 6 · 20 minModals of deduction: degrees of certaintyMatch modal sentences to their level of certainty, choose the right modal from the evidence and make deductions.Premium
  7. Sheet 7 · 20 minModals of deduction: must be doing (continuous)Make deductions about actions in progress with must / might / can't + be + -ing.Premium
  8. Sheet 8 · 20 minModals of deduction: must have, can't have (past)Work out what happened in Molly's flat while she was away, then use must have / might have / can't have + past participle.Premium
  9. Sheet 9 · 20 minModals of deduction: couldn't have and may not haveCompare negative past deductions (can't / couldn't have vs may / might not have) and choose the one that fits.Premium
  10. Sheet 10 · 20 minModals of deduction: present and past togetherExplain everyday situations with present and past modals of deduction, then write your own explanations.Premium
  11. Sheet 11 · 20 minModals of deduction: key word transformationsExam-style key word transformations with modals of deduction, plus error spotting and correction.Premium
  12. Sheet 12 · 20 minModals of deduction: art gallery mysterySolve a mystery at a Cape Town art gallery using the clues, then write your own theory with modals of deduction.Premium